55 countries
Map of Asia in 1300
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Asia in the time of the Mongol Empire
Asia around 1300: the Mongol Empire, the largest land empire in history, had split into four khanates, and Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty ruled China from Khanbaliq (Beijing).
- The Yuan (China and Mongolia), the Ilkhanate (Persia), the Golden Horde (the steppe north of the Black Sea and the Caspian) and the Chagatai Khanate (Central Asia) were the four khanates, all descended from Genghis Khan.
- In 1260 the Mamluks of Egypt stopped the Mongols at Ain Jalut and kept Syria; the Ilkhanate, which had destroyed Baghdad in 1258, turned Muslim in 1295.
- In Anatolia the Seljuk sultanate was a Mongol protectorate breaking up into beyliks, one of them Osman's, from which the Ottoman Empire grew (about 1299); in India the Delhi Sultanate beat back Mongol raids while the Yadavas, Kakatiyas, Hoysalas and Pandyas held the Deccan and the south.
- In Southeast Asia Pagan fell (1287), Đại Việt fought off the Mongols three times, the Khmer still ruled from Angkor and Majapahit was founded in Java in 1293. Peoples with no state are marked “no capital”; the outlines are a rough guide and the population figures are estimates used only to compare.
How it is made: the coasts are today's, and the borders follow today's divisions where they match those of the time and, where they do not, lines drawn by hand, good to about 10 km. Shapes: Natural Earth (public domain). Compare with today's Asia →
Facts: the map of Asia in 1300
- On the map
- 55 countries · 5 are so small they show as a dot (complete level)
- Largest country
- Peoples of Siberia and the Arctic (≈ 12,000,000 km²)
- Smallest country
- Ryukyu (Chūzan and other chiefdoms) (≈ 2,300 km²)
- Most populous country
- Yuan dynasty (the Great Khan) (≈ 75,000,000 people)
- Least populous country
- Indian Ocean islands (Maldives, Andaman, Nicobar, Lakshadweep) (≈ 50,000 people)
- Northernmost capital
- No capital (Peoples of Siberia and the Arctic)
- Southernmost capital
- Majapahit (Trowulan) (Majapahit Empire)
- Most neighbours
- Ilkhanate: 12
- No land border with another country on the map
- Chiefdoms of the Philippines (Butuan, Tondo, Cebu), Indian Ocean islands (Maldives, Andaman, Nicobar, Lakshadweep), Kingdom of Cyprus, Ryukyu (Chūzan and other chiefdoms), Sri Lanka (Sinhalese kingdoms and Jaffna), and Taiwan's indigenous peoples
Fun facts: Map of Asia in 1300
- Marco Polo reached Kublai Khan's court in 1275 and returned to Venice in 1295.
- In 1274 and 1281 Mongol fleets tried to invade Japan; storms helped defeat them.
- Baghdad, the Abbasid capital for five centuries, was destroyed by the Mongols in 1258.
- The Mamluks beat the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260, one of their first big defeats.
- Zhou Daguan, a Chinese envoy, described Angkor in 1296–97: the best eyewitness account of the Khmer Empire.
Test yourself
Which was the largest country of Asia in 1300?
Peoples of Siberia and the Arctic.
Which was the most populous country of Asia in 1300?
Yuan dynasty (the Great Khan).
Which was the smallest country of Asia in 1300?
Ryukyu (Chūzan and other chiefdoms).
Which was the least populous country of Asia in 1300?
Ainu (Ezo).
More maps
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The countries on the map of Asia in 1300, and what they are today
Today's countries that cover a good part of its land, largest share first.
Show the table (55)
| Country | Capital | Today part of |
|---|---|---|
| Ahom kingdom and the north-eastern kingdoms | Charaideo | India |
| Ainu (Ezo) | No capital | Russia, Japan |
| Armenian Cilicia | Sis | Turkey |
| Bedouin tribes of Arabia | No capital | Saudi Arabia, Kuwait |
| Bengal (the sultans of Lakhnauti) | Gaur (Lakhnauti) | India, Bangladesh |
| Borneo (Poni and other peoples) | No capital | Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei |
| Byzantine Empire | Constantinople | Greece, Turkey |
| Chagatai Khanate | Almalik | China, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan |
| Champa | Vijaya | Vietnam |
| Chiefdoms of the Philippines (Butuan, Tondo, Cebu) | No capital | Philippines |
| Đại Việt (Trần dynasty) | Thăng Long (Hanoi) | Vietnam |
| Delhi Sultanate | Delhi | India, Pakistan |
| Eastern Ganga dynasty (Odisha) | Cuttack | India |
| Eastern Indonesia (Ternate, Luwu, Bali and others) | No capital | Indonesia, Timor-Leste |
| Empire of Trebizond | Trebizond | Turkey |
| Frankish and Venetian Greece | Andravida (Achaea) | Greece |
| Golden Horde | Sarai | Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Moldova |
| Hoysala Empire | Dwarasamudra | India |
| Ilkhanate | Tabriz | Iran, Turkmenistan, Iraq, Turkey, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia |
| Indian Ocean islands (Maldives, Andaman, Nicobar, Lakshadweep) | No capital | India |
| Japan (the Kamakura shogunate) | Kyoto | Japan |
| Kakatiya kingdom | Warangal | India |
| Kashmir (Hindu kings) | Srinagar | India |
| Kerala kingdoms (Venad and Calicut) | Kollam | India |
| Khmer Empire | Angkor | Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos |
| Kingdom of Cyprus | Nicosia | Cyprus |
| Kingdom of Georgia | Tbilisi | Georgia |
| Kingdom of Hormuz | Hormuz | United Arab Emirates, Iran, Qatar |
| Kingdom of Lan Na | Chiang Mai | Thailand |
| Korea (Goryeo, a Mongol vassal) | Gaegyeong (Kaesong) | North Korea, South Korea |
| Lao principalities (Muang Sua) | Muang Sua (Luang Prabang) | Laos |
| Majapahit Empire | Majapahit (Trowulan) | Indonesia |
| Malay city-states (Tambralinga, Kedah…) | Nakhon Si Thammarat (Tambralinga) | Malaysia, Thailand |
| Mamluk Sultanate | Cairo | Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Turkey, Lebanon, Palestine |
| Mon kingdom of Martaban | Martaban | Myanmar |
| Myinsaing Burma (under Mongol suzerainty) | Myinsaing | Myanmar |
| Nepal and the Himalayan principalities | Bhaktapur | Nepal, Bhutan, India |
| Oman (the Nabhanids) | Bahla | Oman |
| Ottoman beylik of Osman | Söğüt | Turkey |
| Pandya kingdom | Madurai | India |
| Peoples of Siberia and the Arctic | No capital | Russia |
| Rasulid Sultanate of Yemen | Ta'izz | Yemen, Saudi Arabia |
| Russian principalities (the Horde's vassals) | Vladimir | Russia |
| Ryukyu (Chūzan and other chiefdoms) | No capital | Japan |
| Shan states and hill peoples (Kachin, Chin, Arakanese) | No capital | Myanmar |
| Sri Lanka (Sinhalese kingdoms and Jaffna) | Kurunegala | Sri Lanka |
| Sukhothai Kingdom | Sukhothai | Thailand |
| Sultanate of Rum (under Mongol protection) | Konya | Turkey |
| Sumatra (Pasai, Malayu and other kingdoms) | Pasai | Indonesia |
| Sumra Sindh | Thatta | Pakistan |
| Sunda Kingdom | Pakuan | Indonesia |
| Taiwan's indigenous peoples | No capital | Taiwan |
| Turkish beyliks of Anatolia (Karamanids, Germiyan, Aydın…) | Karaman | Turkey |
| Yadava kingdom of Devagiri | Devagiri | India |
| Yuan dynasty (the Great Khan) | Khanbaliq (Beijing) | China, Russia, Mongolia |